Echocardiogram (ECHO) explained
An echocardiogram, often called an ECHO, is an ultrasound scan used to assess the structure and function of the heart. It allows clinicians to see how the heart chambers, valves, and muscle are working in real time.
This page explains why an echocardiogram may be recommended, what the test involves, and how results are interpreted, written from a GP perspective.
These articles are intended as educational sources, not diagnostic nor taking place of a proper medical assessment. If you need help, please book an appointment with one of our GP’s.
What is an echocardiogram used for?
An echocardiogram provides detailed information about how the heart is built and how well it is pumping. It does not assess heart rhythm, which is where ECG monitoring is used.
An ECHO is commonly requested to assess:
- shortness of breath or reduced exercise tolerance
- heart murmurs
- suspected valve problems
- chest symptoms with cardiac features
- swelling of the legs or fluid retention
- known heart disease or cardiomyopathy
- monitoring heart function over time
In many cases, the test is performed to reassure that heart structure and function are normal.
How does an echocardiogram work?
An echocardiogram uses sound waves, similar to those used in pregnancy scans, to create moving images of the heart.
During the test:
- a probe is placed on the chest with gel
- images are taken from different angles
- heart chambers, valves, and pumping action are assessed
- measurements are recorded for clinical review
The test typically takes 20 to 40 minutes.
What should I expect during the scan?
An echocardiogram is painless and non-invasive.
You should expect:
- no needles or radiation
- mild pressure from the probe on the chest
- the need to lie on your side for parts of the scan
You can eat, drink, and take medication as normal unless advised otherwise.
Is an echocardiogram safe?
Standard echocardiography is very safe and widely used.
There are no known risks, and the test does not expose you to radiation or electrical current.
What happens after the test?
After an echocardiogram:
- images are reviewed by trained clinicians
- a report is generated describing heart structure and function
- results are interpreted alongside symptoms and other tests
Possible outcomes include:
- normal heart structure and function
- mild valve changes that require monitoring only
- findings that may need further investigation or referral
Abnormal findings do not always indicate serious disease.
How does an echocardiogram differ from an ECG?
This is a common point of confusion.
- an ECG assesses heart rhythm and electrical activity
- an echocardiogram assesses heart structure and pumping function
The two tests are often complementary and may be used together.
When to seek GP review
You may wish to speak to a GP if:
- you are unsure why an echocardiogram has been recommended
- you feel anxious about possible heart problems
- symptoms persist despite normal test results
- you need help understanding the report
- you want to explore private or faster access options
A GP can place results into context and advise on appropriate next steps.
How AccessGP can help
AccessGP offers GP consultations to support patients undergoing cardiac investigations, including:
- assessing cardiac symptoms
- advising whether echocardiography is appropriate
- reviewing and explaining echocardiogram reports
- arranging private cardiac investigations where suitable
- coordinating follow-up or referral if needed
Related articles
Further Reading and Hub Links
Visit our Medical Investigations hub or browse more health topics in the AccessGP Knowledge Base.
If you are seeking advice on appropriate investigations or referral, speak to a GP today.
Last reviewed by Dr Zamiel Hussain, GMC registered GP
Updated: 4 January 2026