Gastroscopy (upper GI endoscopy) explained
A gastroscopy, also known as an upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, is a common investigation used to examine the oesophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small bowel. It is often recommended to investigate upper digestive symptoms or assess abnormal test results.
This page explains why a gastroscopy may be advised, what the procedure involves, and what usually happens next, written from a GP perspective.
These articles are intended as educational sources, not diagnostic nor taking place of a proper medical assessment. If you need help, please book an appointment with one of our GP’s.
Why might a gastroscopy be recommended?
A GP or specialist may recommend a gastroscopy to help investigate:
- persistent heartburn or reflux symptoms
- difficulty or pain when swallowing
- ongoing upper abdominal pain
- unexplained weight loss
- iron deficiency anaemia
- vomiting or suspected bleeding
- abnormal imaging or blood test results
In many cases, a gastroscopy is performed to identify or exclude serious causes and provide reassurance.
What happens during a gastroscopy?
A gastroscopy involves passing a thin, flexible camera through the mouth and down into the stomach.
- The procedure is usually performed as a day case
- Local throat spray and or sedation may be offered
- The test itself typically lasts 5 to 10 minutes
- Small tissue samples (biopsies) may be taken if needed
The procedure is usually well tolerated, though gagging or discomfort can occur briefly.
How do I prepare for a gastroscopy?
Preparation is usually straightforward.
This commonly includes:
- fasting for several hours before the test
- temporary adjustments to certain medications
- following specific instructions from the clinic or hospital
Clear preparation guidance is provided in advance.
Is a gastroscopy safe?
Gastroscopy is a widely performed and generally safe investigation. Complications are uncommon.
Possible risks include:
- temporary sore throat or discomfort
- minor bleeding if biopsies are taken
- very rare risk of perforation
Your clinician will explain risks and benefits based on your individual circumstances.
What happens after the test?
After a gastroscopy:
- results are often discussed on the same day
- biopsy results may take longer
- further treatment or follow-up depends on findings
A normal result can be reassuring. Abnormal findings are often treatable and do not always indicate serious disease.
When to seek GP review
You may wish to speak to a GP if:
- you are unsure why a gastroscopy has been recommended
- you feel anxious about the procedure
- you take regular medication that may affect preparation
- you need help understanding results or next steps
- you want to explore private or faster access options
How AccessGP can help
AccessGP offers GP consultations to support patients before and after gastroscopy, including:
- explaining the reason for referral
- reviewing symptoms and investigation needs
- advising on preparation and medication adjustments
- arranging private referrals where appropriate
- explaining results and follow-up plans
Related articles
Further Reading and Hub Links
Visit our Medical Investigations hub or browse more health topics in the AccessGP Knowledge Base.
If you have concerns about upper abdominal symptoms or an upcoming endoscopy, a GP can help advise on next steps.
Last reviewed by Dr Zamiel Hussain, GMC registered GP
Updated: 4 January 2026