Pelvic Pain and Bloating
Pelvic pain and bloating are common symptoms that can arise from a range of gynaecological, urinary, bowel or musculoskeletal causes. Symptoms may be occasional or persistent, mild or severe, and can change over time.
This page provides GP-reviewed information on pelvic pain and bloating, including common causes, how symptoms are assessed in primary care, and when further investigation or referral may be appropriate.
These articles are intended as educational sources, not diagnostic nor taking place of a proper medical assessment. If you need help, please book an appointment with one of our GP’s.
What this page covers
This page explains:
- common causes of pelvic pain and bloating
- how symptoms may vary across the menstrual cycle
- gynaecological and non-gynaecological causes
- how a GP assesses pelvic pain
- when blood tests, scans or referral may be considered
- symptoms that require urgent medical review
What is pelvic pain?
Pelvic pain refers to discomfort felt in the lower abdomen or pelvis, below the belly button. Pain may be:
- sharp or dull
- intermittent or constant
- one-sided or central
- linked to periods or unrelated to the menstrual cycle
Pain may also radiate to the lower back, hips or thighs.
What is bloating?
Bloating is a sensation of abdominal fullness, pressure or swelling. Some people also notice visible abdominal distension.
Bloating may fluctuate during the menstrual cycle and is commonly reported alongside pelvic pain.
Common gynaecological causes
Menstrual cycle related causes
- ovulation pain
- premenstrual symptoms
- painful periods
Hormonal and structural causes
- endometriosis
- adenomyosis
- fibroids
- ovarian cysts
- polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Symptoms often follow a cyclical pattern but may become persistent over time.
Symptoms should not be ignored and professional GP advice should be sought for any bloating symptoms.
Non-gynaecological causes of pelvic pain and bloating
Pelvic symptoms are not always related to reproductive organs. Other common causes include:
Urinary causes
- recurrent urinary tract infections
- bladder irritation or interstitial cystitis
Bowel-related causes
- irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- constipation
- food intolerances
Musculoskeletal causes
- pelvic floor dysfunction
- lower back or hip problems
A GP considers all of these possibilities during assessment.
Symptoms that help guide assessment
Symptoms should not be ignored and professional GP advice should be sought for any bloating symptoms.
Details that are helpful to note include:
- timing in relation to periods
- whether pain is one-sided or central
- association with bowel or bladder symptoms
- changes in appetite or weight
- pain during or after sex
- impact on daily activities
Keeping a symptom diary can be useful.
When to seek urgent medical advice
You should seek prompt medical review if you experience:
- sudden severe pelvic or abdominal pain
- pain with fever or vomiting
- unexplained weight loss
- persistent bloating that does not improve
- bleeding after menopause
- fainting or dizziness
These symptoms require timely assessment.
How a GP assesses pelvic pain and bloating
A GP assessment typically includes:
- a detailed symptom history
- menstrual and hormonal history
- review of bowel and urinary symptoms
- medication and contraceptive review
Depending on findings, examination, blood tests or imaging may be recommended.
Blood tests and investigations that may be considered
Not everyone requires tests, but options may include:
- full blood count
- inflammatory markers
- pregnancy testing where relevant
- hormone tests in selected cases
- pelvic ultrasound
- Ca125 blood test
- stool tests
Tests are chosen based on symptoms and clinical context.
When to book a GP appointment
Consider booking a GP consultation if:
- pelvic pain or bloating is persistent or worsening
- symptoms interfere with daily life or sleep
- pain is cyclical and progressively worsening
- symptoms are affecting sexual wellbeing
- you want reassurance or further investigation
Early assessment can help identify treatable causes and avoid prolonged discomfort.
This page provides general health information and does not replace personalised medical advice. Symptoms should always be discussed with a qualified healthcare professional.
Further Reading and Hub Links
Visit our Women’s Health hub or browse more health topics in the AccessGP Knowledge Base.
If you are experiencing pelvic pain or persistent bloating, a GP can help review your symptoms and discuss appropriate investigations or treatment options.
Last reviewed by Dr Zamiel Hussain, GMC registered GP
Clinical contributor: Dr Tasnimah Miah, Women’s Health Advocate
Updated: 17 December 2025