Contraception and Family Planning
Contraception and family planning involve choosing if and when to become pregnant, and selecting a method of contraception that suits your health, lifestyle and preferences. There is no single “best” option, and choices often change over time.
This page provides GP-reviewed information on contraception and family planning, outlining common options, how they work, and factors that may influence decision-making. It is designed to support informed discussions with a healthcare professional.
These articles are intended as educational sources, not diagnostic nor taking place of a proper medical assessment. If you need help, please book an appointment with one of our GP’s.
What this page covers
This page explains:
- the main types of contraception available
- how contraception choices may differ between individuals
- considerations when planning a pregnancy
- how contraception interacts with menstrual symptoms and hormones
- when to seek medical advice
This information supports understanding and does not replace personalised medical care.
Overview of contraception
Contraception aims to prevent pregnancy and may also help manage menstrual symptoms such as heavy bleeding, pain or cycle irregularity. Methods can be broadly divided into hormonal and non-hormonal options.
Effectiveness, side effects and suitability vary, and decisions are best made through shared discussion.
Hormonal contraception
Hormonal contraception works by altering ovulation, cervical mucus or the lining of the womb.
Common options include:
- combined hormonal contraception (containing oestrogen and progesterone)
- progesterone-only contraception
- long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) using hormones
Hormonal methods may offer additional benefits for some people, such as cycle regulation, reduced menstrual pain or lighter periods. However, they are not suitable for everyone.
A GP considers factors such as migraine history, blood pressure, body mass index, smoking status and personal or family medical history.
Non-hormonal contraception
Non-hormonal methods do not affect hormone levels and may be preferred by some individuals.
Options include:
- barrier methods
- copper intrauterine devices
- fertility awareness-based methods
Non-hormonal contraception avoids hormone-related side effects but may be associated with heavier or more painful periods in some cases.
Choosing a method of contraception
When discussing contraception, a GP may explore:
- your menstrual cycle and symptoms
- previous experiences with contraception
- medical history and medications
- lifestyle factors
- plans for future pregnancy
- personal preferences and concerns
Contraception choice is individual and may change over time.
Contraception and menstrual symptoms
Some people choose contraception partly to help manage symptoms such as:
- heavy or painful periods
- irregular cycles
- premenstrual symptoms
- acne
Hormonal contraception can improve symptoms for some, while others may experience new or worsening symptoms. Monitoring and review are important.
Family planning and stopping contraception
When planning a pregnancy, many people ask about:
- when to stop contraception
- how quickly fertility returns
- what is considered normal cycle variation
- when to seek advice if periods do not return
Fertility often returns quickly after stopping most methods, but this can vary. A GP can provide guidance and reassurance.
Preparing for pregnancy
Preparing for pregnancy focuses on optimising health before conception. Many people benefit from a brief review of lifestyle, medical history and medications, even if they are not actively trying to conceive yet.
Key steps when preparing for pregnancy
A GP may discuss:
- Folic acid supplementation
Taking folic acid before conception and during early pregnancy reduces the risk of neural tube defects. Some people may be advised a higher dose based on medical history. - Medication review
Certain prescribed or over-the-counter medicines may need to be adjusted or stopped before pregnancy. - Chronic health conditions
Conditions such as asthma, thyroid disease, diabetes or hypertension should ideally be well controlled before conception. - Lifestyle factors
This may include advice on:- stopping smoking
- reducing alcohol intake
- maintaining a healthy weight
- regular physical activity
- sleep and stress management
- Immunisation status
A GP may review whether routine vaccinations are up to date before pregnancy.
When to seek advice while preparing for pregnancy
Consider speaking to a GP if:
- you are unsure which contraceptive method is suitable
- you experience side effects or concerns with your current method
- your circumstances or health change
- you are planning a pregnancy
- periods do not return after stopping contraception
A GP can help review options and discuss next steps.
Further Reading and Hub Links
Visit our Women’s Health hub or browse more health topics in the AccessGP Knowledge Base.
If you would like to discuss contraception options or family planning, you can book an online GP appointment with AccessGP.
Last reviewed by Dr Zamiel Hussain, GMC registered GP
Clinical contributor: Dr Tasnimah Miah, Women’s Health Advocate
Updated: 17 December 2025