AccessGP Knowledge Base

Musculoskeletal Health: GP Reviewed Information

Musculoskeletal symptoms such as joint pain, back stiffness, muscle aches or reduced mobility are very common in primary care. This section of the AccessGP Knowledge Base explains typical causes, helpful self-care advice, how GPs assess these symptoms and when further tests or referral may be recommended.

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What this musculoskeletal health section covers

This section includes GP-reviewed summaries of joint, bone, muscle and soft-tissue concerns frequently seen in adult primary care. It explains common symptom patterns, what may trigger them and how a GP approaches diagnosis and management.

The topics include:

  • knee, hip and lower limb pain
  • shoulder pain and reduced range of movement
  • lower back pain and stiffness
  • neck pain and whiplash-type symptoms
  • tendon injuries and overuse symptoms (tennis elbow, plantar fasciitis)
  • acute muscle strains
  • osteoarthritis symptoms and flare patterns
  • inflammatory joint symptoms
  • investigations such as ESR, CRP, X-ray, ultrasound or blood tests

This information is for general education, not personalised medical advice.

Common reasons adults seek GP advice for musculoskeletal symptoms

Many adults contact a GP when pain, stiffness or reduced mobility begins affecting daily activities. Common reasons include:

Common reasons include:

  • persistent or worsening joint pain
  • morning stiffness lasting more than a few minutes
  • pain after exercise or overuse
  • a new clicking, locking or instability in a joint
  • swelling, warmth or redness over a joint
  • difficulty lifting, walking or climbing stairs
  • repeat flare-ups that are affecting work, sleep or movement
  • concerns about osteoarthritis based on age, family history or symptoms
  • concern about inflammatory symptoms or autoimmune conditions
  • wanting advice on safe exercise, pacing or rehabilitation

A GP evaluates symptoms in context, reviews your medical history, examines the affected areas where appropriate and advises whether imaging, blood tests, physiotherapy or lifestyle changes may help.

Types of musculoskeletal health topics explained in this section

Below is a clear overview of the topics included within this hub. Each will have its own dedicated article.

Joint pain of the knee, hip or lower limb

Pain in weight-bearing joints is common with age, exercise changes or overuse. A GP may review symptom patterns, examine movement and consider when imaging or physiotherapy can help.

Shoulder pain and reduced range of movement

Shoulder issues may relate to tendon irritation, frozen shoulder or rotator cuff changes. A GP reviews strength, movement and aggravating activities to guide early management.

Lower back pain and stiffness

Most lower back pain improves with time and movement. A GP helps identify muscular, mechanical or posture-related causes and advises on exercises, pacing and when imaging is indicated.

Neck pain or whiplash-type symptoms

Neck discomfort may arise after posture strain, sleep position or injury. A GP assesses movement and neurological symptoms and advises on safe mobilisation and when further assessment may be needed.

Tendon and soft-tissue pain (tennis elbow, Achilles, plantar fasciitis)

Overuse injuries are common and often improve with targeted rehabilitation. A GP may suggest physiotherapy, activity modification or supportive footwear depending on the location.

Osteoarthritis symptoms and flare patterns

Joint stiffness, reduced flexibility and intermittent swelling may point to osteoarthritis. A GP reviews symptoms and outlines lifestyle changes, strengthening exercises and when escalation is appropriate.

Inflammatory joint symptoms

Morning stiffness lasting longer than 30 minutes, symmetrical joint pain or swelling may indicate inflammatory arthritis. A GP advises when blood tests or rheumatology referral are appropriate.

Investigations in musculoskeletal health

X-ray, ultrasound, MRI or blood test such are considered only when necessary to clarify diagnosis and guide treatment plans.

When to book a GP appointment about musculoskeletal symptoms

Consider booking a GP consultation if:

  • pain is persistent or worsening
  • stiffness is affecting your movement or daily function
  • a joint feels swollen, warm or unstable
  • symptoms are limiting exercise or causing repeated flare-ups
  • you are unsure whether physiotherapy, medication or imaging is appropriate
  • you have new symptoms with a personal or family history of autoimmune disease

A private GP review can help clarify the likely cause, guide investigations and create a tailored management plan.

When physiotherapy may help

Physiotherapy is often a key part of managing musculoskeletal symptoms and can help improve movement, reduce pain and prevent repeat flare-ups. A GP may recommend physiotherapy if:

  • pain is linked to muscle tension, posture or overuse
  • symptoms improve with movement but return during certain activities
  • strengthening or flexibility exercises are likely to support recovery
  • joint pain is related to early osteoarthritis
  • you have tendon irritation such as tennis elbow, Achilles discomfort or plantar fasciitis
  • you are recovering from a strain, minor injury or reduced fitness
  • long-term stiffness is affecting daily function or mobility

Physiotherapists use tailored exercise programmes, mobility work, posture assessment and rehabilitation plans to support safe, gradual improvement.

If you would like expert support with rehabilitation, posture, joint pain or muscle symptoms, you can book an online physiotherapy consultation through AccessGP.

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Last reviewed by Dr Zamiel Hussain, GMC registered GP
Updated: 11 December 2025