Hair loss and thinning

Hair loss and thinning are common concerns for both men and women. Some hair shedding is normal, but noticeable thinning, patchy loss, or sudden hair fall can be distressing and may indicate an underlying issue.

This page explains common patterns of hair loss, possible causes, and when to seek GP advice.

These articles are intended as educational sources, not diagnostic nor taking place of a proper medical assessment. If you need help with skin concerns, please book an appointment. We also offer specialist GP dermatology input at the Skin Clinic.

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Symptoms and patterns of hair loss

Hair loss can present in different ways, including:

Gradual thinning on the scalp
Widening of the parting
Receding hairline
Patchy hair loss
Increased hair shedding when washing or brushing
Thinning of eyebrows or body hair

The pattern and speed of hair loss often provide important diagnostic clues.

Common causes of hair loss

Androgenetic alopecia

Also known as male or female pattern hair loss. This is the most common cause and is influenced by genetics and hormones. Hair thinning is usually gradual and long term.

Telogen effluvium

Causes sudden, diffuse hair shedding, often triggered by stress, illness, childbirth, weight loss, or medication. Hair usually regrows over time.

Alopecia areata

An autoimmune condition causing patchy hair loss. The skin often looks normal and smooth in affected areas.

Other causes

Hair loss may also be linked to:

Certain medications
Hormonal changes, including thyroid problems
Nutritional deficiencies such as iron deficiency
Scalp conditions or infection

How a GP assesses hair loss

A GP will assess hair loss based on history and examination. They may ask about:

Onset and speed of hair loss
Pattern and distribution
Recent illness, stress, or pregnancy
Menstrual changes or hormonal symptoms
Family history of hair loss
Hair and scalp care routine

Photographs are often suitable for initial remote assessment.

Investigations

Blood tests may be considered depending on symptoms and pattern of hair loss. These may include tests for:

Iron levels
Thyroid function
Vitamin deficiencies
Hormonal markers in selected cases

Not everyone with hair loss needs investigations.

Self care and management

Supportive measures can help reduce further hair loss:

Maintain a balanced diet with adequate protein
Avoid tight hairstyles or excessive heat styling
Use gentle hair products
Manage stress where possible
Avoid unnecessary supplements unless advised

Hair regrowth often takes several months.

Medical treatments a GP may recommend for hair loss

Treatment depends on the cause and pattern of hair loss. A GP may recommend:

Reassurance and monitoring where regrowth is expected
Treatment for underlying deficiencies or conditions
Targeted treatment for pattern hair loss in suitable patients
Referral if a specialist opinion is needed

Early assessment improves treatment options.

When to seek GP review for hair loss

You should consider a GP appointment if:

Hair loss is sudden or worsening
You have patchy or scarring hair loss
Hair loss is affecting confidence or wellbeing
There are associated symptoms such as fatigue or weight change
You want advice on investigation or treatment options

Many causes of hair loss are manageable with the right approach.